The Charles H. Wharton Conservation Center is the first place in Georgia where the species listed below were found to occur. While some of these species have a wider distribution in the mountains of northern Georgia, others remain among the rarest in the region. The CHWCC is the lowest-elevation record for Southern Red-backed Voles, Hairy-tailed Moles, and Water Shrews. Thus, the CHWCC is considered a faunal "island" of small mammal diversity​.

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• Masked Shrew (Sorex cinereus)

• Pygmy Shrew (Sorex hoyi)

• Southern Red-backed Vole (Myodes gapperi)

• Hairy-tailed Mole (Parascalops breweri) - CHWCC is the only documented locality in Georgia for this species

• Water Shrew (Sorex palustris) - CHWCC is the only documented locality in Georgia for this species

• Red Squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus)

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Other mammals known to occur in the Upper Tallulah River watershed include Star-nosed Mole (Condylura cristata), Eastern Chipmunk (Tamias striatus), and Black Bear (Ursus americanus).